The Optic Nerve carries images of what we see from the eye to the brain. Optic Atrophy occurs when the Optic Nerve is damaged. The most common cause is poor blood flow to the Optic Nerve, and is most commonly observed in elderly patients. Various other conditions can also cause Optic Atrophy, including, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke.
Optic Atrophy manifests mainly as general loss of vision (one example is pictured below).